Anti Abortion - The Truth of Abortion :: social issues

Anti Abortion - The Truth of Abortion "And, behold, one came and said unto Him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? And He said unto him, Why callest thou me good? There is none good but One, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. He saith unto Him, which? Jesus said, THOU SHALT DO NO MURDER, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Honour thy father and mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." ~ Lord Jesus Christ Quote, Matthew 19:16-19, King James Version Bible †¢ Introduction : To know and feel truth is essential to understanding. You may say, "...not another religious person..." but I say unto you, I come about this conclusion through pure reason. Of course, this is a tender subject, but that goes to reason. For it is essential for truth and feeling to come together in the expression and beholding of understanding. †¢ Abortion and Choice : We have freewill to either magnify goodness or not. We have freewill, as has been given to us by our Creator, to do good or evil. Hence, I nor anyone else – not even God – has the right to deny another from any course of action – in this case, abortion. †¢ Abortion Stance : Truth is eternal regardless of situation. Though, as I have clarified above, do not have the right to deny another of choice, I do and will utilize my right in voicing my stance against it – that abortion is murder. I understand there are pregnancies by rape, and I know it is wrong to, not only, forbid an abortion, but it would also be cruel. Still, I remain with belief that abortion is murder. I understand there are pregnancies that endanger the mother's life, and I know it is wrong to, not only, forbid an abortion, but it would also be cruel. Still, I remain with belief that abortion is murder. I understand there are pregnancies that are unwanted, which have occurred by the voluntary engagement in the activity of reproduction. Whatever the case may be, which results in an unwanted pregnancy through voluntary engagement in the activity of reproduction, the couple has acted irresponsibly. For when a couple engages in the activity of reproduction, it comes with the possibility of responsibility in assuming parenthood.

Methods of Evangelism

Romans Road shows how a person can be lad to Christ through a series of steps. These steps are all found in the book of Romans, hence the name, Romans Road. It provides a very clear perspective of who needs salvation, why they need salvation, how God provides salvation, how we receive salvation, and the results of salvation. Advantages – It is step-by-step and is very direct on what has happened to Christ, and how we can be with Him for eternity. Disadvantages –Romans Road does not show how to live a life for Christ after a person invites Christ to be their Lord and Savior. Friendship Evangelism Summary of Method – Friendship evangelism is sharing the Word of God with friends who have not accepted him or are not sure that it is the right path to take spiritually. Advantages – When a person wants to use friendship evangelism, they are not talking to total strangers. They are talking to friends that they have made and people that they trust. This allows the m to be themselves when talking about God.Disadvantages – Some people would rather not put their guard down and show some transparency when talking about religion. They might be afraid of rejection from their friends. Door-to-Door Evangelism Summary of Method – Door to door evangelism is going from house to house sharing the good news of Jesus Christ. Morons and Jehovah Witnesses use this method. Advantages- One advantage for this method is that you are talking to people where they are comfortable (at their home). It is a one on one conversation that could be starting a religious revolution in their life.Also, you are reaching out to people who may be at a very vulnerable point in their life, a point where they need Christ. Disadvantages – This method may put your safety in harms way by not knowing who the people are. People may also refuse to listen, may not be home, may rebuke you, and may become hostile with you. Studies and surveys have shown it is not the m ost effective evangelism method. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life What method best suits you? The method that best suits my personality is friendship evangelism.Out of the three methods, friendship evangelism is the easiest for me to relate to. Why is this the best method for you? Friendship evangelism is about sharing the gospel with people that you know. I believe that it is the best method for me because of the people that I am with. I want them to see and be with me in the kingdom of Heaven. I also want them to experience the goodness of God and his grace among them. It is also easier for me to open up to people that I know, people that I can trust, people that I know will respect me and that will still be my friend no tater what I believe in.

Patients Presentation Of Condition Risk Health And Social Care Essay

Some of the patients that receive dental intervention have a history of depression. It is estimated that 1 in 10 US grownups have depression, harmonizing to the most current informations and statistic of Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , Division of Adult and Community Health1. Many of those patients have some grade of anxiousness when sitting on the dental chair that might even get down at their determination to travel to the tooth doctor. Depression and associated anxiousness negatively affect patients ‘ perceptual experience of themselves and universe around them, doing them to hold low self-esteem and self-efficacy. As a consequence, they tend to insulate themselves from society and neglect certain necessities. A great illustration is their pick to avoid traveling to the dental office and pretermiting their dental hygiene, despite their usage of antidepressant xerogenic medicines and in many instances malnutrition. Depression besides adversely impacts patients ‘ emotions towards events and results in their mundane life. For case, they might be dissatisfied with the dental intervention they are having or its outcome regardless of how good the existent intervention is. Therefore, it is of import to non merely better their unwritten hygiene but besides to take the best, most practical intervention program that will ease the process on the patients and the tooth doctor at the same clip, and will ideally take to their long-run satisfaction.SignificanceAs health care professionals, tooth doctors should hold the capableness to grok each patient ‘s societal, medical and psychological history and its affect on dental intervention and result. It is besides necessary that we are able to work as a squad with patient ‘s primary medical physician and head-shrinker to orient a intervention program that is based on a profound apprehension of patient ‘s status.AimThe purpose of this pape r is to research the consequence of depression on patients ‘ unwritten hygiene, and analyze the result of dental intervention of grownup patients with history of depression, compared to adult dental patients without depression.Patient ‘s presentation of status or hazardThe patient being discussed in this paper has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She presents with edentulous maxillary arch and partly edentulous inframaxillary arch with badly carious, diagnostic dentition. Those five painful dentitions were besides nomadic, with terrible bone recession. Her maxillary dental plate and inframaxillary RPD were sick adjustment, broken, stained and had a bad olfactory property. Patient needed full extractions and new upper jaw and inframaxillary dental plates.Clinical QuestionWill adult dental patients with a history of depression have a good unwritten hygiene result, compared to adult patients without a history of depression?LITERATURE REVIEWPICOPopulation:Adult dental patientsIntervention:Having a long history of depressionComparison:Not holding depressionResult:Improved unwritten hygieneSearch Scheme:All articles were searched utilizing PubMed. The selected articles types were: Clinical Tests, controlled clinical tests, Randomized Control Trial, Review and Systematic Review. Search consequences were farther narrowed by choosing merely worlds as theoretical accounts, English linguistic communication, and publication less than 10 old ages ago. Articles were chosen after reexamining rubrics and abstracts, and selected based on relevance to the subject and highest grade of grounds. Using the keywords â€Å" symptoms of depression, † â€Å" dental intervention † and â€Å" dental behaviour † the first article, Symptoms of depression and anxiousness in relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, was result 1 of 15 and it was selected. None of the other consequences were r elevant to the subject, so another sent of keywords were used: â€Å" depression † and â€Å" untreated dental cavities. † 6 consequences were found, but the first consequence, Depressive symptoms and untreated dental cavities in older independently, was the most relevant. And to choose a article concentrating on depression and self-pride, the undermentioned keywords were used: â€Å" Oral wellness position, † â€Å" depression, † and â€Å" self-image. † Article, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism: Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, was result 7 of 24, and it was chosen based on its relevance and strength in reply the clinical inquiry. All three articles were cross-sectional, which is a weak type of survey. Harmonizing to ADA, a cross-sectional survey is one â€Å" is the observation of a defined population at a individual point in clip or in a specified clip interval. Exposure and result are determined at the same time † ( ADA- Center for Evidence Based Dentistry ) 2. Strong association and causing can non be concluded from this type of survey ; merely weak association can be deduced. There were a really few systemic reappraisals in the hunt consequences, but none of them were relevant to the subject of this instance study. Clinical tests and cohorts were besides non found to be relevant to the subject or assist reply the clinical inquiry. Furthermore, two of the three articles were conducted outside the U.S. , although published in English. There were no comparable surveies among the hunt consequences that were done in the U.S. ( snapshots of the hunt scheme attached to the dorsum of this study ) .Article Analysis:As a consequence of the hunt scheme, three articles were selected to turn to the above-named clinical inquiry. The first 1 is titled: Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand. What chiefly distinguishes this survey from others is the fact that it does non merely examine dental hygiene of patients with depression, but it besides investigates how those patients assess their demand for dental intervention and dental check-ups. Part of a successful dental intervention is to be cognizant and positive of its entire necessity and positive impact on your wellness. Otherwise, patients would be given to return back to their old unwritten hygiene wonts, doing the intervention to neglect. This survey, harmonizing to the writers, is portion of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which randomly followed 96 % of all births in the states of Lapland and Oulu ( n=12,058 ) 3. A 1997-1998 long-run follow-up questionnaire was sent to 31 and 32-year old participants ( n=11,541 ) , and 75.3 % ( n=8,690 ) of them responded3. The questionnaire enquired about: their education-level, household income, self-perceived dental intervention and dental wellness behavior2. Research workers divided the collected informations into two chief parts based on symptoms of depression and anxiousness as determined by the depression and anxiousness subscales of Symptom Checklist-25. SCL-25 is a 25-question self-report study about the presence and grade of depressive and anxiousness symptoms over the old week3. For the intent of this instance study, merely data related to symptoms of depression is analyzed. The consequences of this survey were farther divided based on the strength of depression, depressed ( n=1,263 ) , mild symptoms ( n=657 ) , and non depressed ( n=6,702 ) 3. The per centum of down, mild symptoms of depression and non down topics describing brushing their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours was 47.9 % , 52.2 % and 55.6 % severally, and describing frequent dental check-ups one time or more in a 2-year period was 64.9 % , 65.4 % , and 69.7 % respectively3. Most interestingly, the per centum of participants who expressed self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand was 61.1 % , 60.4 % , and 48.4 % respectively3. After commanding for confusing factors, including gender, instruction and household income, consequences showed that there is an associated between depression and both toothbrushing twice daily and frequent dental check-ups3. As the strength of depressive symptoms addition, the frequence of tooth brushing and dental check-ups lessening. More intriguingly, this survey showed that patients who have a higher grade of depression tend to experience that they need more dental intervention, as compared to those with fewer symptoms or non-depressed. Therefore, research workers concluded in this survey that patients with depression tend to hold hapless unwritten hygiene wonts. Writers attempted to explicate this association by imputing depression to tire, psychomotor deceleration and deficiency of motive, which are all factors that hinder patients from executing day-to-day life necessities that can be every bit simple as toothbrushing. Furthermore, antidepressant medicines are known to do dry mouth, which may lend to increased dental cavities and worse unwritten wellness. In general, the consequences in this survey and the treatment provided by the writers proceed logically based on the information presented. They clearly province their hypothesis and list the collected informations in well-organized and easy to read tabular arraies. As expected, the writers do non claim 'cause and consequence relationship ‘ . They, nevertheless, claim an association between the dependant and independent variables as discussed above. This claim is justified by their informations analysis and research method, which is a cross-sectional survey. This type of survey has its ain drawbacks that we as research workers and professionals should be cognizant of, in order to avoid pulling the incorrect decisions and using them on our patients. It is important that we understand the failings and the strengths in this survey to recognize its restrictions in clinical pattern, and therefore guarantee better intervention results for patients. The chief strength in this survey is the big sample size followed in this survey, which increases the opportunities of holding a more accurate representation of the population. Another strength is this cross-sectional survey is the fact that it is portion of a postal questionnaire of a long-run prospective cohort survey, and topics were followed since birth for three decennaries. This ensures that the research workers have a better apprehension of the demographics, and societal, medical and dental history of respondents, including the development and patterned advance or declaration of diseases over the old ages. Furthermore, other surveies focus on older populations, but in this survey, research workers examined specifically 31-32 old ages old patients to do certain that they all received cost-free alveolar consonant intervention up to 18 twelvemonth of age3. This, to a certain extent, eliminates the confusing consequence of handiness to dental attention during childhood. Other conf using factors are: gender, instruction, and household income. Controling for all these variables strengthens the writers ‘ claim association between strength of depression and quality of dental hygiene. Another strength is the distinction between symptoms of anxiousness and symptoms of depression. While anxiousness is found to be associated with depression, this is non ever the instance. Anxiety and depression are different psychological diagnosings with different symptoms, which many surveies fail to divide. However, this survey avoids generalisation by sorting the consequences based on patients ‘ symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiousness individually. Furthermore, research workers further categorized their informations based on the strength of depression and anxiousness, utilizing Symptom Checklist-25 graduated table, which is the recommended showing of psychiatric upsets in a immature grownup population3. All these categorizations of informations make the consequences more population and disease particular, and cut down generalized decisions about depression and dental hygiene. Therefore, it seems that the overall strength of this survey is that writers avoid doing generalisations by stipulating inclusive eligibility standards, commanding for confounders, and stipulating different grades of depression symptoms. This reinforces the association between depression and both tooth brushing and dental check-up frequence. On the other manus, this survey has some points of failing that are deserving adverting. First of them is the fact that this survey is cross-sectional, which ranks it low on the hierarchy of grounds. In other words, entirely based on the survey design, the grounds for the association between depression and dental hygiene is weak, and possibly ca n't be applied clinically until farther prospective cohorts, indiscriminately clinical tests, or systematic reappraisals are conducted to turn out stronger association and causing. The decisions made in this survey are based on subjective steps, as self-reported by topics in the studies. Another survey is needed to objectively analyze dental hygiene utilizing patients ‘ cavities hazard and periodontic disease. Another 2012 cross-sectional survey, entitled: Depressive Symptoms and Untreated Dental Caries in Older Independently Living South Brazilians, conducted in Brazil examined the association between depression and dental hygiene wonts among big patients4. However, in contrast to the former survey, the latter objectively assesses dental hygiene wonts utilizing the rate of untreated cavities ( DMFT index ) , presence of dental plaque, and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Another chief difference is the fact that the latter survey focused on analyzing the impact of depression on dental hygiene behaviour among the geriatric population. Research workers interviewed indiscriminately selected 390 South Brazilians, who were more than 60 old ages old ( average age of 66.83 old ages ) , with at least one tooth in their teething ( average figure of dentitions of the sample was 9.94 ) 4. Oral scrutinies were done by two accredited tooth doctors. 44 out of 390 participants ( 11.3 % ) were shown to h old symptoms of depression utilizing the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) , which harmonizing to research workers has a sensitiveness of 85.4 % and specificity of 73.9 % in naming major depression symptoms4. Data collected found that 234 participants ( 60 % ) had at least one tooth diagnosed with untreated dental decay4. The average DMFT was 22.06, with a average D of 1.25, and a average F of 2.45. Furthermore, 126 participants ( 32.4 % ) had low unstimulated salivary flow4. Consequences showed that depression symptoms were associated with untreated dental decay. Writers concluded that depressive symptoms may move as forecasters of cavities in older grownup patients. In order to measure the credibleness of the decision, it is of import to analyse the strengths and failings of this survey. A major strength is commanding for major confusing external variables, including: age, gender, abode, monthly income, instruction, and prescribed medicines, and smoking wont. Controling for abode was used as a placeholder of non merely socioeconomic position, but besides H2O fluoridization, which contributes to keeping unwritten hygiene4. Another strength in this survey is the use of hierarchical attack to analyse and rank the above external variables harmonizing to their grade of association with untreated dental cavities. This is a well-organized analytical attack to sum up collected informations, and analyze the consequence of each variable individually. Harmonizing to this type of analysis, there is a important association between depression and untreated decay ( p= 0.01 ) 4. Furthermore, research workers used statistical analyses to mensurate the significance of association, including X2 trials for the dichotomous variables, and Student T trials and Mann-Whitney trials for uninterrupted variables4. All these types of analysis addition the dependability of the decisions. Despite these scientific analyses and indiscriminately selected big sample, this survey is cross-sectional, which renders the association between depression and untreated cavities weak, and no causing can be drawn from this type of survey. In add-on, even though research workers attempted to command for a comprehensive list of confusing variables, it is about impossible to nail the ground of untreated cavities to one variable, such as depression. Untreated decay is a consequence of a web factors: medical, societal, and psychological. Even though the hierarchical analysis might be an orderly method of analysing informations, it might non be inaccurate to rank the impact of each variable on untreated cavities, as that ranking might change based on different samples or different populations. Furthermore, this survey was conducted in South Brazil, and the consequences might non be applicable to a U.S. population. Another cross-sectional survey, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism: Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, aimed at tie ining self-liking and self-image to keeping one ‘s unwritten wellness position and behavior5. This survey is of import because low self-pride is a major symptom of depression, and possibly signifiers an obstruction to effectual dental intervention. The questionnaire was answered by 217 freshman dental pupils at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila in Romania, with a average age of 19.24 years5. The study included a 20-item self-liking/self-competence graduated table, and besides gathered information about topics ‘ age, gender, smoking wonts, unwritten wellness behaviour such as flossing, brushing and oral cavity rinse, and self-perceived dental wellness such as non-treated cavities, extracted dentitions, dental hurting, esthetics and gingival disease5. Consequences showed that topics with high self-liking and self-competence were more likely to brush their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours, floss, usage mouthrinse, and see their tooth doctors more frequently5. They were besides more likely to, as one would anticipate, hold less untreated dental cavities, less extractions and healthier gum with less hemorrhage. Furthermore, it was found that depression in mundane life was positively associated with denta l wellness. However, the association in this survey is weak due to the survey design, which is cross-sectional. Another failing in this survey is the fact that the topics are immature college pupils, who do non stand for typical patients with depression. Furthermore, the article did non concentrate on depression as a disease ; it examined â€Å" mundane life depression † instead5. In add-on, footings such as, gingival hemorrhage, untreated cavities, anxiousness, and depression might be confounding or misinterpreted by undergraduate pupils who are non dentally cognizant. For case, pupils might describe non holding untreated cavities merely because they are non experiencing any hurting. On the other manus, the comparatively big sample size, irrespective of the average age, is portion of the strength of this survey. Besides, the testers controlled for topics ‘ age, instruction and rational degree, to guarantee more accurate consequences. Synthesis of findings: Overall, based on the findings of the first article, Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, one can claim that grownup dental patients with a history of depression tend to hold worse dental hygiene results, compared to those without depression. Furthermore, patients with higher grade of depression have more self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, which is most likely a direct contemplation of their low self-efficacy. It is deserving analyzing in future surveies whether this increased perceptual experience of dental intervention demand could be utilized by tooth doctors as a incentive to better their patients ‘ dental hygiene behaviour. Furthermore, even though decisions made by the writers may look logical, they can non be faithfully applied in clinic, unless proven by a higher evidence-based survey design. Similarly, based on the consequences of the 2nd article, one can reason that grownup dental patients with depression tend to hold more untreated dental cavities and worse dental hygiene results, compared to patients without depression. Stronger surveies are needed to turn out the association claim made in this cross-sectional survey. And for more relevant consequences, future surveies should be conducted on a big, indiscriminately selected sample of American population. Similarly, the consequences of the 3rd article showed that patients with high self-liking and self-competence have better dental wellness behaviour. In contrast, depression is found to be associated with worse dental hygiene. This makes sense because low self-pride is one of the common features of depression. However, this survey design is weak and does non bring forth dependable consequences based on the findings. The sample of population examined in this survey, dwelling of immature college pupils, is clearly non an accurate representation of our typical dental patient with depression.Description of patient:Demographic: J.J. , 57-year-old Caucasic female. Born and raised in New York, USA. Critical marks: BP: 130/80, pulsation: 62, BMI: 24 Social and Personal History: Divorced twice. Currently lives entirely. Patient has one kid in college. Patient is on public assistance and has Medicaid. Patient studies utilizing intoxicant one time every six months. She is a tobacco user: Cigarettes, less than 10 a twenty-four hours, 6 pack-year history. History of Present Illness: Patient struggled from depression and anxiousness for many old ages. Her depression escalated after her 2nd divorce. Medicines: Pristiq, Halcion and Valium. Past Illnesss: Bulimia when she was a adolescent, stopped in 2006. Cholecystectomy many old ages ago. Carpel Tunnel surgery 3 old ages ago. Arthritis which was treated surgically in her pollex. Three episodes of Bell ‘s Palsy, unknown cause. Reappraisal of medical history and susceptibleness to chronic disease: Depression doing her susceptible to cavities, periodontic disease, Review of systems and Risk factors: Depression, anxiousness, allergic reaction to penicillin, arthritis, dry mouth, malnutrition. Hazard factors: High cavities hazard, moderate periodontal hazard, moderate-low hazard of unwritten malignant neoplastic disease, moderate intral-oral nutrition hazard factors, due to old dental plates and trouble mastication. Pertinent Family History: Father had a heard onslaught Finally, based on the findings of both articles, depression is associated with hapless dental hygiene behaviour and high cavities risk because of low self-esteem, reduced frequence of check-ups and tooth brushing, and antidepressant xerogenic medicines. Consequently, it seems that grownup dental patients with a long history of depression tend to hold worse unwritten hygiene results, compared to grownups without depression. However, there is no uncertainty that this premise can non be faithfully applied in clinic until a prospective cohort, randomized controlled test, systematic reappraisal, or meta-analysis is used to demo a strong association or causing. It is of import that dental patients understand that even though those current surveies are logical and analytical, they are simply based on questionnaires, which do non run into criterions for high grounds. There is no uncertainty that handling grownup patients with a long history of depression is by and large more complex than handling those without important medical history. Depression patients, as illustrated by the above articles, tend to hold more untreated cavities to get down with. In add-on, it might be more hard to convert depression patients about a intervention program, particularly if they need extractions or dental plates. They besides tend to be less compliant with their assignments and physician ‘s instructions. Additionally, they might be more critical of their tooth doctor ‘s work and concluding result. However, all that should non impede or deter tooth doctors from handling depression patients. Everyday at NYUCD, pupils and module are able to successfully handle patients with depression, through showing compassion, apprehension, and appropriate communicating with patient. Depression patients have more self-perceived dental intervention demands compared to p atients without depression. Therefore, this evident consciousness of their dental demand should be used by their tooth doctors to actuate them to have necessary dental intervention. Furthermore, possibly tooth doctors should work with patients ‘ head-shrinkers to increase their self-esteem and self-competency, which should take to bettering patients ‘ dental wellness behaviour, and accordingly, guaranting a long-run successful intervention. Ms. J.J. , patient reviewed in this instance study, has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She feels dying when she sees a tooth doctor. It was determined after seting a comprehensive intervention program that she needed full upper and lower dental plates, alternatively of her old lower RPD and upper full dental plate. Patient was so given two options: either to pull out the dentition and become edentulous for a few months until the new prosthetic devices are inserted, or have immediate dental plates. Patient was ab initio disquieted and get downing shouting hysterically when she thought she could non afford the immediate dental plates. However, through proper communicating and exhaustively explicating to the patient the procedure of manufacturing immediate dental plates, including the timeframe and the fiscal facets, patient was really satisfied and agreed to acquiring immediate dental plates. And presently, patient is excited about acquiring her smiling back, like she sa ys. Therefore, it is of import that we, as health care professionals, understand the complexness of depression and how it affects the result of dental intervention. The intent of this instance study is to happen out whether grownup dental patients with history of depression have improved dental hygiene result, comparison to those without depression. After analysing the findings in the articles and their decisions, it is evident that there is an association between depression and hapless unwritten hygiene, reduced frequence of check-up visits and tooth brushing, and increased cavities hazard. Therefore, big dental patients with long history of depression have hapless dental hygiene result compared to those without depression. However, it is deserving observing that future stronger surveies with big sample size are needed to be conducted in the U.S. , in order to pull dependable decisions that can be applied in our evidence-based dental medicine in clinical pattern. Depression is a complex, multifactorial disease, which requires a squad of wellness attention professionals dwelling of at least patient ‘s tooth doctor, primary attention doctor and head-shrinker to set a comprehensive, long-run effectual intervention program for the patient.

Active Audiences & the Construction of Meaning

Active Audiences & the Construction of Meaning â€Å"Media messages are central to everyday lives†¦ Audiences are active interpreters of meaning. † â€Å"Audiences interpret media in diverse ways. †(255-256). People in the media industry believe that the audience is a mass of passive readers who accept media messages uncritically.Nevertheless, the audiences actively take part in the interpretation of media texts which is an essential process when media messages start meaning something to people who assign their own implication to the texts. Sometimes audiences can interpret the message in the same way as intended by the producers, but sometimes they construct meaning that is very different. People interpret media texts in all types of social settings. Therefore, media has become a significant part of the social life.Since audiences are active receivers of media texts, they can change media messages by collective action such as prohibition of certain media texts, ca mpaigns that show audiences’ disapproval of media products, public writing of letters of complaint regarding media, foundation of independent media that criticize main media but also supply audiences with alternative perspectives. Audiences from different races, ethnicities, genders and social classes construct various interpretations of the same media message.So, media texts are characterized by polysemy, they have multiple meanings. According to John Fiske (1986) there is abundance of meaning embedded in the media texts. Therefore, media messages are structured in a way that enables people to make different readings and interpret them actively, not simply to accept the dominant interpretation. People have agency but there is no structure. However, people from different social backgrounds construct various interpretations of same media texts. Social statuses shape audience members’ viewpoints, interests and attitudes towards media.As a result, people must be aware of their agency- the opportunity to construct meaning- and of the social constraints as well. People often construct interpretation that is based on widely accepted norms, values and beliefs about the world around us. According to Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding model messages are constructed on the basis of specific â€Å"codes†, encoded by the producers and decoded by the active audience. To decode the media texts, audiences have to know the basic medium conventions and cultural values.Since media messages draw on some taken-for-granted beliefs and cultural codes, the audience uses its knowledge about them to construct meaning and decode the media texts. This factor hinders us from being fully autonomist. Active audiences use media for diverse reasons and construct different interpretations but the big corporations will always be there to nudge us in certain directions. Fortunately, people like me will often refuse to accept the preferred meaning and develop oppositiona l reading and resistance, which are related to social action.Audiences’ oppositional decoding is part of the resistance to the traditional roles and rules. People are suppose to use media to relax, fantasize and escape from the social reality or solve some problems and live in harmony not to be subliminally attacked by producer beliefs. Some people experience ‘pleasure of resistance’ by making interpretations opposing to the dominant meanings. Overall there will always be a give and take between the media and the people, what we have to remember is we can have control over these media influence as long as we can take a step back and acknowledge their presence.

International buiness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International buiness - Assignment Example Under this theory, the role of government is highly important. Government needs to push and encourage companies and organization to a more competitive level, in this manner, increasing performance and eventually the overall combined benefits. Competitive Advantage and Porter’s Diamond Theory Competitive advantage is that area of expertise of a firm where it outperforms its competitors or more specifically, other nations or countries. Through researches, it has been observed that marketing plays a vital role in building up the competitive advantage of companies. The name ‘Diamond’ has been labeled due to the four factors, which the natural environment conceptualizes. According to Porter’s Diamond Theory, a country can capitalize its competitive advantage in any of the area where it excels other countries. For instance, due to the climate and weather conditions of European countries, Starbucks is very popular among those countries but if the company intends t o expand itself in South East Asian countries, then the weather conditions of South East Asia do not permit the company to expand its’ business in these areas. Therefore, European countries have competitive advantage of having cold weather. Another example includes Nike. Nike chose China for manufacturing concerns due to cheap labor and overhead expenditures in lieu of European countries, where overhead expenditures and labor are much higher as compared to China. Therefore, China possesses competitive advantage of having low labor and overhead costs than European Countries. Literature Review Droge and Neven (2001) stated that it is difficult for agricultural food SMEs to become and stay competitive in this period of globalization. The paper of Droge and Neven (2001) argues that the holistic diamond model of Porter is superior in investigating the cluster dynamics; here cluster is defined as a homogenous group of firms involved in marketing specific product in a specific locat ion. Droge and Neven (2001) concluded that despite of the fact that this model has not been tested in most of the developing countries, but those rare researches that have been conducted to validate the diamond model, affirm that the diamond model of Porter is intrinsically better. Rugman and Verbeke (1993) proposed an article to study the interaction between international and national determinants of a country, which leads to competitive success of a country at global level. Rugman and Verbeke (1993) stated that the model can be made even better and therefore, suggested extending the Porter’s Diamond framework and used a variant, i.e. SWOT analysis in order to functionalize the Porter’s Diamond model (Rugman and Verbeke, 1993). Narula (1993) stated that the diamond model of Porter is a static one. The author further stated that it is based just on the subjective analysis of only those countries, which are industries based. Narula (1993) further stated that this model is not applicable for the developed or developing countries. The author highlighted the role of technology in the development

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Critique - Essay Example rrupt practices act which was formed with an intention of stopping bribery of foreign official ad prohibit Us citizens and firm from making improper payments to foreign officials. The National Free trade agreements were designed between three countries to remove taxes on products traded and also helped protect copyrights, patents and trademarks. Another similarity is that all this organizations have some sort of controversies and criticisms. At some point it has failed to achieve its goals, interest and objectives. At some point each of this organizations have impacted negatively on the welfare of people in terms of equity, cost – benefits analysis such increasing the rate of crimes, unemployment, increase in social crimes. For example, the removal of taxes on product makes the local industries lose a substantial market share due to foreign stiff competition from superior products. The United Nations Security Council at some time enacts sanctions meant to benefit only its members at the expense of other non-members. The IMF on then other hand offers credit in an unfair manner such as imposing heavy and unfair terms and conditions on the funds to be lent. The member states in all these papers that both members have voting rights and take part in decision making process that affects the operations of each of the organi zations. However, there are different between paper one and paper two. First countries formed in paper one are from Europe for example, the European union which is formed in Europe while in paper two the organizations formed are from America notably the United states of America. It can also be pointed out that the formation of those organization in paper one is signed and ratified by the member states unlike in paper two where the only the head of states are endowed with authority of signing of the agreement. Another notable difference is that those organizations in paper two have been formed to indentify and promote the rights of consumers of

Response to the scenarios Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response to the scenarios - Case Study Example When the administrator asks what I did with John, I would reach for my notes and explain all the details of the counselling session. In the second scenario involving Cedric, I feel that the counsellor is becoming overly involved in his life and this is unethical. This is owing to the fact that he never turns him away and this means they spend too much time together outside what is recommended by the school as well as the code of ethics governing the profession. A dual relationship is developing between the counsellor and Cedric. This can be observed from the fact that the counsellor has started taking manifold roles in his life (Nickel, 2004). I would have taken a different approach if I were Cedric’s counsellor as I could have tried to get a reliable family member to support Cedric by attending his matches and in performing other roles that are fit for family members. There are various codes of ethics that should be adhered to including the ASCA Code of Ethics, the APA ethics code and the ACA Code of